California, renowned for its scenic cliff top mansions, wellness culture, and iconic Hollywood hills, is now leading a global shift in energy systems with its massive adoption of large-scale battery storage. This transformative step is not only enhancing the state’s ability to harness solar power but also providing a potential blueprint for Australia’s energy future.
Surge in Battery Storage Capacity
Over the past five years, California has experienced an unprecedented increase in battery storage capacity. This significant growth offers a preview of what Australia’s electricity system could look like soon. In a landmark event this April, California’s batteries outpaced gas as the main source for evening power supply, generating output comparable to seven large nuclear reactors. Achieved during a period of abundant sunshine and moderate power consumption, this milestone signals a profound shift in energy dynamics.
Tackling the Duck Curve
Similar to Australia, California has been facing the “duck curve” problem, characterised by an excess of solar energy during the day and insufficient capacity at night. The duck curve reflects high electricity demand in the morning and evening, with a sharp drop during midday when solar output is at its peak. Battery storage provides a solution by capturing excess solar power during the day and releasing it in the evening to meet high demand.
Remarkable Battery Growth
The scale of California’s battery storage expansion is astonishing. In 2019, the state had 770 megawatts of battery storage. Today, that figure has surged to 10,383 megawatts, with an additional 3,800 megawatts expected by year’s end. This capacity is significant enough to supply about a third of Australia’s peak electricity demand for several hours each day.
Shifting from Fossil Fuels
California’s energy grid has undergone a dramatic transformation from its heavy reliance on fossil fuels to a more balanced mix that includes a significant portion of renewable energy. According to Mark Jacobson, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University, California’s integration of 10 gigawatts of battery storage has drastically reduced nighttime electricity demand, minimising the need for gas-powered generation.
Lessons for Australia
California’s achievements in integrating solar power with large-scale battery storage offer valuable insights for Australia. As Australia works towards enhancing its renewable energy infrastructure, the Californian experience illustrates how effective battery storage can be in maximising solar power benefits and ensuring a stable electricity supply.
The advancements in California highlight the potential for large-scale battery storage to support a transition to renewable energy, paving the way for a future where clean energy sources dominate the global energy landscape.